For over 40 years, this widely attended Science Research Conference from FASEB has explored how reversible phosphorylation regulates cellular processes, how dysregulation contributes to disease, and how this knowledge is being translated into therapeutic innovation. With deregulation of kinases common in disease, research presented at this meeting has contributed to several important discoveries. Numerous kinase-targeting drugs have been developed thanks to research presented at this conference, with more kinase inhibitors currently in development.